Técnicas del control vascular en trauma pélvico inestable: Protocolo terapéutico e integración de la evidencia en un modelo de atención

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.3071

Palabras clave:

pelvis, fracturas óseas, hemorragia, choque traumático, fijación de fractura, embolización terapéutica

Resumen

Introducción. El trauma pélvico inestable (TPI) es una entidad compleja, con una alta mortalidad atribuida a hemorragia masiva de difícil control. No existe consenso mundial sobre la secuencia óptima de intervenciones hemostáticas, inclusive en contextos con recursos limitados.

Métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa con enfoque analítico, mediante búsqueda estructurada en PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane y SciELO, de publicaciones entre 1973 y 2025. Se priorizaron estudios clínicos y guías que evaluaron fijación pélvica externa (EPF), empaquetamiento preperitoneal (PPP), angioembolización (AE) y oclusión endovascular con balón de la aorta (REBOA). Los hallazgos se integraron en un modelo terapéutico secuencial adaptable a distintos niveles de atención.

Resultados. La combinación EPF + PPP logró controlar la hemorragia hasta en el 87 % de los casos, reduciendo la necesidad de transfusiones, sin aumentar la mortalidad. La AE se reservó para pacientes refractarios, optimizando su uso. El REBOA demostró utilidad como herramienta puente en casos de choque persistente. Este enfoque desafía modelos centrados exclusivamente en angiografía, proponiendo una secuencia más efectiva y accesible.

Conclusiones. El modelo secuencial REBOA/EPF + PPP – AE ofrece un enfoque eficaz, reproducible y costo-eficiente para el control del sangrado en trauma pélvico inestable. Su implementación puede mejorar los desenlaces clínicos,  validando el manejo definitivo en centros con recursos limitados, y estandarizar protocolos en diferentes niveles de atención, representando una solución estratégica que optimiza el uso racional de los recursos.

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2026-03-05

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Benítez, J. P.; Zuluaga, M.; Pino, L. F.; Arias, Álvaro A.; Penagos, D. F.; Briceño, E.; Caballero, A.; Zuluaga, S. Técnicas Del Control Vascular En Trauma pélvico Inestable: Protocolo terapéutico E integración De La Evidencia En Un Modelo De atención. Rev Colomb Cir 2026, 41, 589-605.

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